1. Nhanganyaya
Polyurethane yakapfava foam yakatevedzana zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira block, inoenderera, chipanje, yakakwira resilience foam (HR), furo reganda, furo rinononoka, furo remicrocellular uye semi-rigid-simba rinotora furo.Rudzi urwu rwefuro ruchiri kuita 50% yehuwandu hwe polyurethane chigadzirwa.Yakakura yakasiyana-siyana ine kuwedzera kwekushandisa, yakabatanidzwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi hwenyika: midziyo yemumba, motokari, kuvandudza imba, fenicha, zvitima, ngarava, aerospace uye mamwe akawanda minda.Kubva pakatanga PU nyoro furo muma1950, kunyanya mushure mekupinda muzana ramakore rechi21, kwave nekusvetuka muhunyanzvi, zvakasiyana-siyana uye kubuda kwechigadzirwa.Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvi: Kushamwaridzana nePU nyoro furo, kureva girini polyurethane chigadzirwa;yakaderera VOC kukosha PU nyoro furo;yakaderera atomization PU nyoro furo;mvura yakazara PU nyoro furo;yakazara MDI yakatevedzana furo rakapfava;flame retardant, utsi hwakaderera, yakazara MDI series Foam;marudzi matsva ezviwedzere zvakadai sereactive high molecular weight catalysts, stabilizers, flame retardants uye antioxidants;polyols ine yakaderera unsaturation uye yakaderera monoalcohol content;Ultra-yakaderera density PU yakapfava furo ine yakanakisa yemuviri zvivakwa;yakaderera resonance frequency, yakaderera kutamisa PU nyoro furo;polycarbonate diol, polye-caprolactone polyol, polybutadiene diol, polytetrahydrofuran uye mamwe ma polyols anokosha;liquid CO2 inopupuma tekinoroji, yakashata yekumanikidza kupupa tekinoroji, nezvimwe.Muchidimbu, kubuda kwemhando nyowani uye matekinoroji matsva kwakasimudzira kuenderera mberi kwePU nyoro furo.
2 Nheyo inopupuma furo
Kuti ugadzire iyo yakanakira PU furo rakapfava rinosangana nezvinodiwa, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise iyo kemikari yekuita musimboti wefoam system kuitira kuti usarudze akakodzera makuru uye anobatsira zvinhu mbishi uye maitiro ekugadzira.Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yepolyurethane kusvika nhasi haisisiri muchikamu chekutevedzera, asi maererano nezvinodiwa zvekushanda kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira, inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa uye maitiro ekugadzira.Polyurethane furo rinotora chikamu mukuchinja kwemakemikari panguva yekugadzira, uye zvinhu zvinokanganisa zvimiro zvefuro zvakaoma, izvo zvisingangosanganisire kemikari inopindirana pakati peisocyanate, polyether (ester) doro nemvura, asi zvakare inosanganisira iyo colloid chemistry yekupupa. .Maitiro emakemikari anosanganisira kuwedzera kweketani, kupupa uye kuyambuka-kubatanidza.Inokanganisawo chimiro, kushanda uye huremu hwema molecular ezvinhu zvinotora chikamu mukuita.Maitiro akajairika eiyo synthesis ye polyurethane foam inogona kuratidzwa neinotevera fomula:
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Zvisinei, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akanyanya kuoma, uye mhinduro dzakakosha dzinopfupikiswa sezvinotevera:
01 Chain kuwedzera
Multifunctional isocyanates uye polyether (ester) madoro, kunyanya difunctional compounds, kuwedzera kweketani kunoitwa sezvinotevera:
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Mune iyo foaming system, huwandu hweisocyanate hunowanzo hukuru kupfuura hweiyo inoshanda hydrogen-ine komisheni, kureva, iyo reaction index yakakura kupfuura 1, kazhinji 1.05, saka kupera kwecheni-yakawedzerwa chigadzirwa chekupedzisira mukupupa. inofanira kunge iri boka re isocyanate. .
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Iyo ketani yekuwedzera maitiro ndiwo maitiro makuru ePU foam, uye ndiyo kiyi yezvivakwa zvemuviri: simba remakanika, chiyero chekukura, elasticity, nezvimwe.
02 Kuita furo
Kupupa kwakakosha zvikuru mukugadzira furo dzakapfava, kunyanya pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakaderera-density.Kune maviri akajairwa kupupa mhedzisiro: kushandiswa kwekupisa kwekupisa kupfutisa pasi-kuvira kwehydrocarbon makomisheni, akadai seHCFC-141b, HFC-134a, HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, nezvimwewo, kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekupupa furo, uye imwe yacho kushandisa. mvura uye isocyanate.Iyo kemikari inoita inoburitsa yakawanda CO2 gasi kupupa:
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Mukushaikwa kwechigadziriso, chiyero chemvura ine isocyanates chinononoka.Maitiro ekuita kwemaamine uye isocyanates anokurumidza.Nechikonzero ichi, kana mvura ichishandiswa seanopupa, inounza huwandu hukuru hwezvikamu zvakaomarara uye urea komputa ine yakakwira polarity, iyo inokanganisa kunzwa, kusimba uye kupisa kupisa kwezvigadzirwa zvefuro.Kugadzira foam ine yakanakisa yemuviri zvimiro uye yakaderera density, zvinodikanwa kuwedzera molecular uremu hwepolyether (ester) doro uye kupfava kweketani huru.
03 Gel chiito
Gel reaction inonziwo cross-linking uye kuporesa maitiro.Mukuita kupupa, gelation inokosha zvikuru.Kukasira kana kunonoka gelation kuchaita kuti mhando yezvigadzirwa zvefuro zvidzikire kana kuita tsvina.Iyo yakanyanya kunaka mamiriro ndeyekuti iyo cheni yekuwedzera, furo reaction uye gel reaction inosvika pakuenzana, zvikasadaro furo density ichave yakanyanya kukwirira kana furo rinodonha.
Pane zviito zvitatu zvegelling panguva yekuita furo:
1) Gels ye multifunctional compounds
Kazhinji, makomisheni ane anopfuura matatu anoshanda anogona kuita kuumba makomboni echimiro chemuviri.Isu tinoshandisa polyether polyols ane anopfuura matatu anoshanda mukugadzirwa kwepolyurethane flexible foams.Munguva pfupi yapfuura, polyisocyanates ine fn ≥ 2.5 inoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwese MDI masisitimu ekuvandudza kutakura-kuremerwa kwehupfu hwepasi-density foam.Aya ndiwo hwaro hwekuumbwa kwematatu-phase cross-linked zvimiro:
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Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti huremu hwema molecular pakati pe-cross-linking points hunoratidza zvakananga kuyambuka-kusangana kwehuputi.Kureva kuti, kuyambuka density yakakura, kuoma kwechigadzirwa kwakakwira, uye simba remagetsi rakanaka, asi kupfava kwefuro kwakashata, uye kusimba uye kureba kwakaderera.Huremu hwemamorekuru (Mc) pakati pemachinjiro-ekubatanidza mapoinzi efuro rakapfava ndeye 2000-2500, uye semi-rigid foam iri pakati pe700-2500.
2) Kuumbwa kwe urea
Kana mvura ichishandiswa sechinhu chinopupuma furo, maumbirwo eurea bond anogadzirwa anogadzirwa.Iyo yakawanda yemvura, iyo yakawanda urea zvisungo.Ivo vanozowedzera kuita neakawandisa isocyanate pane yakanyanya tembiricha kuti vagadzire biuret bond makomisheni ane matatu-chikamu chimiro:
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3) Kuumbwa kweallophanate Imwe mhando yekuyambuka-inobatanidza kuita ndeyekuti iyo haidrojeni pacheni huru yeurethane inowedzera kuita neakawandisa isocyanate pakupisa kwakanyanya kuumba allophanate bond ine matatu-chikamu chimiro:
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Kuumbwa kwebiuret komboni uye allophanate komisheni hakuna kunaka kune masisitimu ekupupa nekuti maviri aya makomisheni ane kusasimba kwekupisa kwekupisa uye anoora pakupisa kwakanyanya.Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti vanhu vadzore tembiricha uye isocyanate index mukugadzira
3 Kemikari kuverenga
Polyurethane synthetic material ipolymer synthetic material inogona kubatanidza zvigadzirwa zvepolymer kubva kune mbishi mune imwe nhanho, kureva kuti, iwo emuviri zvimiro zvezvigadzirwa zvinogona kugadziridzwa zvakanangana nekuchinja zvakatemwa uye kuumbwa kwemarejiyo ezvigadzirwa.Naizvozvo, maitiro ekushandisa nemazvo musimboti wepolymer synthesis uye kumisikidza yakapusa calculation formula yakakosha kuvandudza kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane.
01 Kuenzana kukosha
Iyo inonzi yakaenzana kukosha (E) inoreva huremu hwemorekuru (Mn) hunoenderana neyuniti inoshanda (f) mukomboni molecule;
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Semuenzaniso, nhamba yeavhareji yemamorekuru huremu hwepolyether triol i3000, ipapo kukosha kwayo kwakaenzana:
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Iyo inowanzoshandiswa-cross-linking agent MOCA, iyo 4,4'-methylene bis (2 chloroamine), ine hukama hwema molecular mass ye 267. Kunyange zvazvo kune 4 inoshanda ma hydrogens mu molecule, 2 chete hydrogens inobatanidzwa mu isocyanate reaction.atomu, saka mashandiro ayo f=2
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Mukutsanangurwa kwechigadzirwa chepolyether kana polyester polyol, kambani yega yega inopa hydroxyl kukosha (OH) data, saka zvinonyanya kushanda kuverenga zvakananga kukosha kwakaenzana nehydroxyl kukosha:
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Zvakakodzera kuyeuchidza kuti kuyerwa chaiko kwekushanda kwechigadzirwa kunopedza nguva, uye kune akawanda maitiro epadivi.Kazhinji, kushanda chaiko kwetriol polyether (ester) haina kuenzana ne3, asi iri pakati pe2.7 ne2.8.Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa (2) fomula, kureva kuti, kukosha kwehydroxyl inoverengwa zvakare!
02 Zvinodiwa zve isocyanate
Yese inoshanda hydrogen komisheni inogona kuita ne isocyanate.Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekuita kwakaenzana, itsika yakajairika muPU synthesis kunyatso kuverenga huwandu hwe isocyanate inopedzwa nechikamu chimwe nechimwe mufomula:
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Mune formula: Ws-chiyero che isocyanate
Wp - polyether kana polyester dosage
Ep - polyether kana polyester yakaenzana
Es-Isocyanate yakaenzana
Iyo molar ratio yeI2-NCO/-OH, kureva, iyo reaction index
ρS - kuchena kweisocyanate
Sezvatinoziva tese, kana uchigadzira prepolymer kana semi-prepolymer ine imwe NCO kukosha, huwandu hweisocyanate hunodiwa hunoenderana nehuwandu chaihwo hwepolyether uye iyo NCO yemukati inodiwa neyekupedzisira prepolymer.Mushure mekupfupisa:
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Mune fomula: D--chikamu chikuru cheboka reNCO mune prepolymer
42—— Kukosha kwakaenzana kweNCO
Mumazuva ano ese-MDI system foams, yakakwira molecular huremu polyether-modified MDI inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira semi-prepolymers, uye iyo NCO% iri pakati pe25 ne29%, saka formula (4) inobatsira zvikuru.
Formula yekuverenga huremu hwemamolecular pakati pe-cross-linking point ine chekuita ne-cross-link density inokurudzirwa zvakare, iyo inobatsira zvikuru mukugadzira maumbirwo.Kunyangwe iri elastomer kana yakakwira-kusimba furo, kunyungudika kwayo kune hukama zvakananga nehuwandu hwekuyambuka-inobatanidza mumiriri:
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Mune fomula: Mnc---nhamba-avhareji yemamorekuru huremu pakati pe-cross-linking point
Eg——Kukoshera kwakaenzana kwemuchinjiko wekubatanidza
Wg——Kuwanda kwemuchinjiko wekubatanidza
WV - huwandu hwe prepolymer
D——NCO zvirimo
4 mbishi zvinhu
Polyurethane mbishi zvinhu zvakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: polyol makomisheni, polyisocyanate makomputa uye zvinowedzera.Pakati pazvo, ma polyols uye polyisocyanates ndiwo makuru ezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane, uye anobatsira maajenti makomisheni anowedzera zvakakosha zvezvigadzirwa zve polyurethane.
Zvese zvinosanganiswa nemapoka ehydroxyl muchimiro cheorganic compounds ndeye organic polyol makomputa.Pakati pavo, maviri anonyanya kushandiswa polyurethane foams polyether polyols uye polyester polyols.
polyol musanganiswa
Polyether polyol
Iyo oligomeric komisheni ine avhareji yemamorekuru huremu hwe1000 ~ 7000, iyo yakavakirwa pazvakagadzirwa zvepetrochemical indasitiri: propylene oxide uye ethylene oxide, uye maviri nematatu anoshanda ehydrogen-ane makomisheni anoshandiswa seanotangisa, uye anogadziriswa uye polymerized naKOH..
Kazhinji, huremu hwemamorekuru hweakajairwa furo repolyether polyol ari pakati pe1500 ~ 3000, uye kukosha kwehydroxyl kuri pakati pe56 ~ 110mgKOH/g.Huremu hwehuremu hwehuremu hwepolyether polyol huri pakati pe4500 ne8000, uye kukosha kwehydroxyl kuri pakati pe21 ne36 mgKOH/g.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti akati wandei makuru emhando dzepolyether polyols ichangobva kugadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura anobatsira kwazvo kuvandudza hunhu hwe polyurethane inochinjika furo uye kuderedza density.
l Polymer-grafted polyether polyol (POP), iyo inogona kuvandudza mutoro-kutakura huwandu hwePU nyoro furo, kuderedza density, kuwedzera dhigirii rekuvhura, uye kudzivirira kupera.Iyo dosage iri kuwedzerawo zuva nezuva.
l Polyurea polyether polyol (PHD): Basa repolyether rakafanana nepolymer polyether polyol, inogona kuvandudza kuoma, kubereka simba, uye kukurudzira kuvhurwa kwezvigadzirwa zvefuro.Kuramba kwemurazvo kunowedzerwa, uye iyo MDI yakatevedzana furo inodzima yega uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muEurope.l Combustion-giredhi polymer polyether polyol: Iyo nitrogen-ine inonhuhwirira hydrocarbon polymer yakabatanidzwa polyether polyol, iyo isingangogone kuvandudza inotakura, yakavhurika-sero, kuomarara uye humwe hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvefuro, asiwo inoita kuti PU seat cushion kugadzirwa. kubva pazviri.Iine kupisa kwemoto: iyo oksijeni index yakakwira kusvika ku28% kana kupfuura, iyo yakaderera utsi inobuda ≤60%, uye iyo yakaderera murazvo inopararira nekukurumidza.Chinhu chakanakisa chemotokari, zvitima uye fenicha kugadzira macushion ezvigaro
l Low unsaturation polyether polyol: Sezvo inoshandisa kaviri cyanide metal complex (DMC) sechinhu chinokonzera, zviri mukati meunsaturated double bond mu polyether yakagadzirwa zvishoma kudarika 0.010mol/mg, kureva kuti, ine monool The low compound, ndiko kuti, kuchena kwepamusoro, kunotungamira kune kusimba uye kudzvanya seti zvivakwa zveHR furo rakagadzirwa zvichibva pairi, pamwe nekusimba kwakanaka kubvarura uye indentation chinhu.Iyo ichangobva kugadzirwa yakaderera resonance frequency, 6Hz yakaderera transmission rate yemotokari chigaro cushion foam yakanaka kwazvo.
l Hydrogenated polybutadiene glycol, iyi polyol ichangobva kushandiswa muPU furo zvigadzirwa kune dzimwe nyika kuvandudza zvakanyanya hunhu hwefuro, kunyanya kupikisa kwemamiriro ekunze, unyoro uye kupisa kwekudzivirira kumanikidza seti uye mamwe matambudziko kwemakore mazhinji, kuitira kuti chigaro chemota cushion. nezvimwewo zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeAfrica. .
l Polyether polyols ine yakakwira ethylene oxide content, kazhinji yakakwira-activity polyether polyols, kuitira kuvandudza reactivity yepolyether, wedzera 15 ~ 20% EO kusvika kumagumo panguva yekubatanidza.Ma polyeters ari pamusoro apa ane EO anokwana kusvika 80%, PO yemukati Pane zvinopesana, yakaderera pane 40%.Ndiyo kiyi yekuvandudza kwese MDI akateedzana PU manyoro mafuro, ayo anofanirwa kutariswa nevanhu vari muindasitiri.
l Polyether polyols ine catalytic chiitiko: kunyanya kuunza tertiary amine mapoka ane catalytic zvimiro kana simbi ions mune polyether chimiro.Chinangwa ndechekudzikisira huwandu hwezvinokonzeresa muhuputi system, kuderedza kukosha kweVOC uye yakaderera atomization yezvigadzirwa zvefuro.
l Amino-yakapera polyether polyol: Iyi polyether ine hombe inokonzeresa chiitiko, ipfupi kuita nguva, kukurumidza kudhirodha, uye yakanyanya kunatsiridza kusimba kwechigadzirwa (kunyanya simba rekutanga), kuburitsa mold, kuramba tembiricha, uye kunyungudutsa., tembiricha yekuvaka inoderedzwa, chiyero chinowedzerwa, uye imhando itsva inovimbisa.
polyester polyol
Early polyester polyols ese anoreva adipic acid-yakavakirwa polyester polyols, uye musika mukuru ndeye microcellular foam, iyo inoshandiswa mutsoka dzeshangu.Mumakore achangopfuura, mhando nyowani dzakaonekwa imwe neimwe, dzichiwedzera kushandiswa kwepolyester polyols muPUF.
l Inonhuhwirira dicarboxylic acid-modified adipic acid-based polyester polyol: kunyanya kugadzira polyester polyol nekutsiva zvishoma adipic asidhi nephthalic acid kana terephthalic acid, iyo inogona kuvandudza simba rekutanga rechigadzirwa uye kunatsiridza kunyorova nekuoma, uku ichideredza mutengo. .
l Polycarbonate polyol: Rudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa runogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kupikisa kwehydrolysis, kuramba kwemamiriro ekunze, kudzivirira tembiricha uye kuoma kwezvigadzirwa zvefuro, uye imhando inovimbisa.
l Poly ε-caprolactone polyol: Iyo PU furo rakagadzirwa kubva mairi rine yakanakisa tembiricha kuramba, hydrolysis kuramba uye abrasion kuramba, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa nazvo.
l Inonhuhwirira polyester polyol: Yakagadzirwa nekushandiswa kwakazara kwemarara ezvigadzirwa zvepolyester munhanho yekutanga, uye inonyanya kushandiswa muPU rigid foam.Iye zvino yakawedzerwa kune PU nyoro furo, iyo inofanirwawo kutariswa
Vamwe Chero musanganiswa une hydrogen inoshanda unogona kuiswa kuPUF.Zvinoenderana nekuchinja kwemusika uye zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, zvakakosha kushandisa zvizere zvigadzirwa zvekumaruwa uye kugadzira biodegradable PU nyoro furo.
l Castor oiri-yakavakirwa polyols: Zvigadzirwa izvi zvakamboshandiswa muPUF, uye mazhinji acho akagadzirwa kubva asina kugadziridzwa akachena castor oiri kugadzira semi-akaoma furo.Ini ndinokurudzira kushandisa transesterification tekinoroji, uye akasiyana akakwira mamolekyulu uremu madoro anounzwa mumafuta ecastor kuti agadzirise akasiyana siyana.
Derivatives, inogona kugadzirwa kuita akasiyana akapfava uye akaoma PUF.
l Vegetable oiri akatevedzana polyols: Munguva pfupi yapfuura yakakanganiswa nemitengo yemafuta, zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvakagadzira nekukurumidza.Parizvino, zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zvakave zveindasitiri mafuta esoya nemafuta emichindwe akatevedzana, uye mafuta ekotoni kana mafuta emhuka anogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakatevedzana, zvinogona kushandiswa zvizere, kuderedza mutengo, uye zvinoparadza uye zvine hushamwari. .
polyisocyanate
Mhando mbiri dzeisocyanates, TDI neMDI, dzinowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira furo rinochinjika repolurethane, uye mahybrids akatorwa TDI/MDI anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya muHR series.Nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa, indasitiri yemotokari ine yakaderera zvakanyanya zvinodiwa zveVOC kukosha kwezvigadzirwa zvefuro.Naizvozvo, yakachena MDI, isina kuchena MDI uye MDI yakagadziridzwa zvigadzirwa zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya muPU nyoro furo seyakanyanya PU zvinyoro zvigadzirwa.
polyol musanganiswa
Liquefid MDI
Yakachena 4,4'-MDI yakasimba pakupisa kwekamuri.Iyo inonzi liquefied MDI inoreva MDI iyo yakagadziridzwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana uye iri mvura patembiricha yekamuri.Kushanda kweLiquefied MDI kunogona kushandiswa kunzwisisa kuti nderipi boka-yakagadziridzwa MDI.
l urethane-yakagadziridzwa MDI ine basa re 2.0;
l Carbodiimide-yakagadziridzwa MDI ine basa re 2.0;
l MDI yakagadziridzwa ne diazetacyclobutanone imine, iyo inoshanda ndeye 2.2;
l MDI yakagadziridzwa neurethane uye diazetidinimine ine mashandiro e2.1.
Iwo akawanda ezvigadzirwa izvi anoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvakaumbwa seHR, RIM, mafuro ekuzvikanda, uye madiki-mafuro akadai semasoles eshangu.
MDI-50
Musanganiswa we4,4'-MDI uye 2,4'-MDI.Sezvo nzvimbo yakanyunguduka ye2,4'-MDI yakaderera pane yekamuri tembiricha, inenge 15 ° C, MDI-50 imvura yakachengetwa mukamuri yekupisa uye iri nyore kushandisa.Nyatsoteerera kune steric chipingamupinyi mhedzisiro ye2,4'-MDI, iyo isinganyanyi kusimba kupfuura iyo 4,4 'muviri uye inogona kugadziriswa neyakagadziriswa.
Coarse MDI kana PAPI
Kushanda kwayo kuri pakati pe2.5 ne2.8, uye inowanzoshandiswa mumafuro akaomarara.Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwemitengo yezvinhu, yakashandiswawo mumusika wakapfava wefuro, asi zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwepamusoro, zvinodikanwa kuderedza kuwanda kwekuyambuka mukugadzira fomula.Joint agent, kana kuwedzera iyo yemukati plasticizer.
Auxiliary
catalyst
Iyo catalyst ine mhedzisiro yakakura pane polyurethane foam, uye nayo, iyo kukurumidza kugadzirwa pakudziya kwekamuri inogona kuwanikwa.Kune mapoka maviri makuru ezvinokonzera: tertiary amines uye metal catalysts, zvakadai se triethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, methylimidazole, A-1, nezvimwewo, zvose ndezvepamusoro amine catalysts, nepo stannous octoate, diethylene diamine diamine, etc. , potassium octoate, organic bismuth, nezvimwewo isimbi inokonzeresa.Parizvino, akasiyana akanonoka-mhando, trimerization-mhando, yakaoma-mhando uye yakaderera-VOC kukosha-mhando catalysts akagadzirwa, ayo zvakare akavakirwa pamhando dziri pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa.
Semuenzaniso, iyo Dabco yakatevedzana yekambani zvigadzirwa zvegasi, iyo yekutanga mbishi zvinhu ndeye triethylenediamine:
l Dabco33LV ine 33% triethylenediamine/67% dipropylene glycol
l Dabco R8020 Triethylenediamine ine 20%/DMEA80%
l Dabco S25 triethylenediamine ine 25%/butanediol 75%
l Dabco8154 triethylenediamine/asidhi yakanonoka inokonzeresa
l Dabco EG Triethylenediamine ine 33%/ Ethylene Glycol 67%
l Dabco TMR akatevedzana trimerization
l Dabco 8264 Compound Bubbles, Balanced Catalysts
l Dabco XDM yakaderera hwema catalyst
Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu e-catalysts akawanda, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa maitiro e-catalysts akasiyana-siyana uye maitiro avo ekushanda kuti awane kuenzana kwe polyurethane system, kureva, kuenzana pakati pemhepo inoputika uye gelation speed;chiyero pakati pekumhanya kwegelation uye chiyero chekupupa, uye iyo inoputika Yekumhanya uye zvinhu fluidity chiyero, nezvimwe.
Metal catalysts ese ari gel-type catalysts.Zvakajairwa tin-type catalysts zvine simba gel mhedzisiro, asi zvayakaipira ndezvekuti haidzivirirwe nehydrolysis uye ine hurombo hwekupisa kuchembera.Ikozvino kubuda kwe organic bismuth catalysts kunofanirwa kukwezva kutarisa.Haisi chete ine basa retin catalyst, asiwo ine yakanaka hydrolysis kuramba uye kupisa kuchembera kuramba, iyo yakakodzera kwazvo kusanganisa zvinhu.
foam stabilizer
Inotamba basa rekumisa furo zvinhu, kudzikamisa furo uye kugadzirisa sero, uye inowedzera kunyungudika kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe, iyo inobatsira pakuumbwa kwemabhuru, inodzora ukuru uye kufanana kwesero, uye inosimudzira kuenzana kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe. kushushikana kwefuro.Madziro ari elastic kuchengetedza maseru uye kudzivirira kudonha.Kunyangwe huwandu hwefoam stabilizer hudiki, hune simba rakakosha pane sero chimiro, zvimiro zvemuviri uye maitiro ekugadzira ePU flexible foam.
Parizvino, hydrolysis-resistant silicone/polyoxyalkylene ether block oligomers inoshandiswa muChina.Pamusana pekushandiswa kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana efoam, chiyero che hydrophobic segment / hydrophilic segment yakasiyana, uye kuchinja kweketani yeketani pamagumo echigadziro chechivharo chakasiyana., kugadzira silicon stabilizers kune akasiyana furo zvigadzirwa.Nokudaro, pakusarudza foam stabilizer, unofanira kunzwisisa basa rayo uye basa, usakanganwa, usashandise zvisina kufanira, uye unokonzera migumisiro yakaipa.Semuenzaniso, foam silicone oil yakapfava haigoni kuzorwa pafuro rinokwanisa kusimba zvakanyanya, zvikasadaro zvinokonzeresa kupera kwefuro, uye mafuta akasimba esilicone haagone kuzorwa kuvharisa furo rakapfava, zvikasadaro rinokonzera kudonha kwefuro.
Nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, maindasitiri emotokari nefenicha anoda zvigadzirwa zvine yakaderera atomization uye yakaderera VOC kukosha.Makambani akasiyana akatevedzana akagadzira yakaderera atomization uye yakaderera VOC kukosha foam stabilizers, senge Dabco DC6070 yakatangwa neGas Products Company, iri yakaderera atomization silicone mafuta eTDI system.;Dabco DC2525 yakaderera fogging silicone oiri yeMDI masisitimu.
foaming agent
Iyo inopupuma furo yePU yakapfava furo imvura, inowedzerwa nemamwe maajenti anopupa.Mukugadzirwa kwefoam block, tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwemvura mune zvigadzirwa zvakaderera-density, kazhinji inodarika zvikamu 4.5 pazvikamu zana zvinokonzeresa kupisa kwemukati kwefuro kukwira, kunopfuura 170 ~ 180 ° C, zvichikonzera kupisa kwega kwega. furo, uye inobikira hydrocarbon foaming agent inofanira kushandiswa.Imwe inobatsira mukuderedza density, uye imwe inobvisa huwandu hukuru hwekuita kupisa.Mumazuva ekutanga, kusanganiswa kwemvura / F11 kwakashandiswa.Nekuda kwenyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, F11 yakarambidzwa.Parizvino, mazhinji emagetsi ekuchinja / dichloromethane akateedzera zvigadzirwa uye mvura/HCFC-141b akatevedzana anoshandiswa.Nekuti dichloromethane series zvigadzirwa zvinosvibisawo mamiriro ekunze, inguva yekuchinja, nepo HFC series zvigadzirwa: HFC-245fa, -356mfc, etc. Kuti vakwanise kudzikisa dhigirii rekushisa, vanhu vakaunza maitiro matsva, tekinoroji yakaipa yekupupa furo, tekinoroji yekutonhodza yekumanikidza uye tekinoroji yeCO2 kugadzirisa dambudziko, chinangwa ndechekudzikisa huwandu hwemvura kana kuderedza kupisa kwemukati. zve furo.
Ini ndinokurudzira iyo liquid CO2 tekinoroji yekugadzira mabhuloki mabhuru, ayo anonyanya kukodzera kumabhizinesi madiki uye epakati.MuLCO2 tekinoroji, 4 zvikamu zveLCO2 zvakaenzana nezvikamu gumi nezvitatu zveMC.Hukama huri pakati pemvura inonwiwa uye mvura CO2 inoshandiswa kugadzira mafuro emhando dzakasiyana Foam density, kg/m3 mvura, zvikamu nehuremu LCO2, zvikamu nehuremu zvakaenzana MC, zvikamu nehuremu.
13.34.86.520.0
15.24.55.015.3
16.04.54.012.3
17.33.94.313.1
27.72.52.06.2
moto retardant
Kudzivirira moto uye kudzivirira moto chinhu chinonetsa vanhu nguva dzese.nyika yangu ichangobva kuburitswa "Zvinodiwa uye Mayero ekupisa Kuitwa kweFlame Retardant Zvigadzirwa uye Zvikamu munzvimbo dzePublic Places" GB20286-2006 ine zvitsva zvinodikanwa zvekunonoka kwemoto.Kune murazvo wegiredhi retardant giredhi 1 furo Zvinodiwa zvePlastiki: a), peak kupisa kuburitsa mwero ≤ 250KW/m2;b), avhareji yekupisa nguva ≤ 30s, avhareji yekupisa kureba ≤ 250mm;c), utsi density giredhi (SDR) ≤ 75;d), kuputa toxicity giredhi Kwete pasi pe2A2 level
Kureva kuti: zvinhu zvitatu zvinofanirwa kutariswa: murazvo wemoto, utsi hushoma, uye hutsi hwehutsi hushoma.Kuti uise mberi zvinodiwa zvepamusoro pakusarudzwa kwezvinodzoreredza moto, zvinoenderana nemirairo iri pamusoro, ndinotenda kuti zvakanakisa kusarudza mhando dzinogona kuumba gobvu kabhoni layer uye kuburitsa utsi husina chepfu kana husina chepfu.Parizvino, inonyanya kukodzera kushandisa phosphate ester-based high molecular weight flame retardants, kana halogen-free inonhuhwirira hydrocarbons ine yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba heterocyclic marudzi, etc. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika dzekunze dzakagadzira yakawedzera graphite flame retardant PU flexible foam, kana nitrogen heterocyclic flame retardant Mushonga wakarurama.
zvimwe
Zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinosanganisira: pore openers, cross-linking agents, antioxidants, anti-fogging agents, etc. Pakusarudza, simba rezvinowedzera pakushanda kwePU zvigadzirwa zvinofanira kutariswa, pamwe chete nehupfu hwayo, kutama, kuenderana, nezvimwewo. mubvunzo.
5 zvigadzirwa
Kuti uwedzere kunzwisisa hukama pakati pefomula uye kuita kwePU nyoro furo, akati wandei anomiririra mienzaniso inounzwa kuti ireve:
1. Yakajairika formula uye zvivakwa zve block polyether PU nyoro furo
Polyether triol 100pbw TDI80/20 46.0pbw Organotin catalyst 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalyst 0.2pbw Silicon foam stabilizer 1.0pbw Mvura 3.6pbw Co-foaming agent 0 ~ 12pbm 2.4 kg4 Foam 9 3 Elongation, % 220 Kubvarura simba, N/m 385 Compression set, 50% 6 90% 6 Cavitation load, kg (38cm×35.6cm×10cm) Deformation 25% 13.6 65% 25.6 Kudonha bhora rebound,% 38 Mumakore achangopfuura, kuitira kusangana ne zvinodiwa pamusika, mamwe mabhizinesi anowanzo gadzira yakaderera-density (10kg/m3) furo.Paunenge uchigadzira furo rekupedzisira-pasi-density rinochinjika, hakusi kungowedzera furo rinoita uye rinobatsira rinopupa.Izvo zvinogona kuitwa zvinofanirwa kufananidzwa neyakagadzikana-yakagadzikana silicon surfactant uye inokonzeresa.
Kugadzirwa kweyepasi-density Ultra-yakaderera-density inochinjika furo referefeta fomula: zita repakati-density yakaderera-density Ultra-yakaderera density
Inoenderera bhokisi inoenderera bhokisi bhokisi polyether polyol 100100100100100 Mvura 3.03.04.55.56.6 A-33 catalyst 0.20.20.20.250.18 Silicon surfactant B-81101.01.210500. 60.40 Mumiririri 7.57.512.515.034.0 TDI80/2041.444.056.073 .0103.0 Density, kg/m3 23.023.016.514.08.0
Cylindrical foam formula: EO/PO mhando yepolyether polyol (OH:56) 100pbw Mvura 6.43pbw MC foaming agent 52.5pbw Silicon surfactant L-628 6.50pbw Catalyst A230 0.44pbwD8 Stannous D10 9 T0pw9 Doctos 8 Doctos 9 Doctos 2009. sage 139pbw Foam density, kg/m3 7.5
2. Liquid CO2 co-foaming agent kuti iite yakaderera-density furo
Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100 100 Mvura 4.9 5.2 Liquid CO2 2.5 3.3 Silicone surfactant L631 1.5 1.75 B8404 Amine catalyst A133 0.28 0.30 Stannous14 octome 14 Flame retar 1 DE0FDA 7 DEFDA 80/20 Foam density , kg/m3 16 16
Iyo yakajairwa fomula ndeiyi: Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100pbw Mvura 4.0pbw LCO2 4.0 ~ 5.5pbw Catalyst A33 0.25pbw Silicon surfactant SC155 1.35pbw Stannous octoate D019b0 indekisi D019b 0/2 Fom 0. 14.0~16.5
3. Yakazara MDI yakaderera density polyurethane furo rakapfava
Furo rakapfava PU rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemakusheni ezvigaro zvemotokari.Density kuderedza pasina kukanganisa zvimiro zvemuviri ndicho chinangwa chebudiriro
Formula: High activity polyether (OH: 26 ~ 30mgKOH/g) 80pbw Polymer polyol (OH: 23~27mgKOH/g) 20pbw Crosslinking agent 0 ~ 3pbw Mvura 4.0pbw Amine catalyst A-33 2.8pbw silicone mafuta Surface 1 basa re10 yesilicone B0. pbw MDI index 90pbw Kuita: Foam centre density 34.5kg/m3 Kuoma ILD25% 15.0kg/314cm2 Kubvarura simba 0.8kg/cm Kusimba simba 1.34kg/cm2 Elongation 120% Rebound rate 62% Permanent compression set.0 13.5%
4. Yakaderera density, yakazara MDI nharaunda-inoshamwaridzika chigaro chemotokari cushion
Iyo homologue yeMDI yakachena: M50-kureva kuti, chigadzirwa che4,4'MDI 50% 2,4'MDI 50%, inogona kupushwa pamhepo tembiricha, inovandudza kuyerera, kuderedza density yechigadzirwa, uye kuderedza uremu hwemotokari. zvinovimbisa zvikuru.The product:
Magadzirirwo: High inoshanda polyether polyol (OH: 28mgKOH/g) 95pbw 310 Auxiliary* 5pbw Dabco 33LV 0.3pbw Dabco 8154 0.7pbw Silicon surfactant B4113 0.6pbw 310 Auxiliary* 5pbw Dabco 33LV 0.3pbw Dabco 8154 0.7pbw Silicon surfactant B4113 0.6pbw 3pbw 3pbw 5pwb0Mwb0Mwb0Mwb0 Waters 8
Zvimiro zvemuviri: Nguva yekudhirowa (s) 62 Nguva yekusimuka (s) 98 Kuwanda kwefuro remahara, kg/m3 32.7 Kutsikirira mutoro, kpa: 40% 1.5 Elongation, % 180 Simba rekubvarura, N/m 220
Ongorora: *310 Mubatsiri: Ini ndinoitengesa, ndeye yakakosha cheni extender.
5. High resilience, yakasununguka kutasva PU furo
Nguva pfupi yadarika, musika waida kuti zvimiro zvemakusheni echigaro chefuro zvirambe zvisina kuchinjwa, asi vanhu vaisazoneta uye kurwara kwekufamba kwepamusoro-mhando cushion mushure mekutyaira kwenguva refu.Mushure mekutsvaga, nhengo dzemukati dzemuviri wemunhu, kunyanya dumbu, dzine frequency ye6Hz.Kana resonance ikaitika, inokonzera kusvotwa uye kurutsa
Kazhinji, iyo vibration transmittance ye high-resilience foam pa 6Hz iri 1.1 ~ 1.3, kureva kuti, kana mota ichimhanya, haina kupera simba asi inowedzera, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvefomula zvinogona kuderedza kuzunguzika kusvika 0.8~0.9.Kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kwave kukurudzirwa, uye kutapurirana kwayo kwe6Hz kuri padanho re0.5~0.55.
Magadzirirwo: High basa polyether polyol (Mn6000) 100pbw Silicon surfactant SRX-274C 1.0pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico L-1020 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico TMDA 0.15 TMDA 0.3pocy6wp9 Water Ipoly6wp. %) INDEX 100
Zvimiro zvemuviri: Kuwanda kwehuwandu, kg/m3 48.0 25% ILD, kg/314cm2 19.9 Rebound, % 74 50% kudzvanywa
Shrinkage Simba, (Yakaoma) 1.9 (Yakanyorova) 2.5 6Hz Vibration Transmittance 0.55
6. Slow rebound kana viscoelastic foam
Iyo inonzi inononoka-rebound PU foam inoreva furo risingadzoserwe pachimiro charo chepakutanga mushure mekunge furo rakanganiswa nechisimba chekunze, asi rinodzoreredzwa zvishoma nezvishoma pasina kusara kwepasi deformation.Iyo ine yakanakisa cushioning, inonzwika insulation, kuisa chisimbiso uye zvimwe zvivakwa.Inogona kushandiswa mukudzora ruzha rweinjini dzemotokari, kutsigira kapeti, matoyi evana uye mapiro ekurapa.
Muenzaniso formula: High basa polyether (OH34) 40 ~ 60pbw Polymer polyether (OH28) 60~40 pbw Cross-adhesive ZY-108* 80~100 pbw L-580 1.5 pbw Catalyst 1.8 ~ 2.5 pb~ 2 Mvura 2 p. * 1.05 pbw Cherechedza: *ZY-108, musanganiswa we multifunctional low molecular weight polyether** PM-200, musanganiswa we liquefied MDI-100, zvose zviri Wanhua zvigadzirwa Properties: Foam density, kg/ m3 150~165 Kuoma, Shore A 18~15 kubvarura simba, kN/m 0.87~0.76 Elongation, % 90~130 Rebound rate, % 9~7 Recovery time, seconds 7~10
7. Polyether mhando self-ganda microcellular furo risingachinji kuneta miriyoni nguva
Iyo furo inogona kuiswa kune PU soles uye mavhiri
Muenzaniso: DaltocelF-435 31.64 pbw Arcol34-28 10.0 pbw DaltocelF-481 44.72 pbw Arcol2580 3.0 pbw 乙二醇6.0 pbw 催1 027 0.3 pbw 硅表面活性剂DC-193 0.3 pbw L1 412T 1.5 pbw Mvura 0.44 pbw Yakashandurwa MDI Suprasec2433 71 pbw
Zvimiro zvemuviri: Foam density: inenge 0.5g∕cm3 β-belt deflection, KCS 35～50, yakanaka kwazvo
8. Murazvo unodzoreredza, utsi hushoma, furo rekusimudzira
Nekukurumidza kusimukira kwehupfumi hwenyika, madhipatimendi akasiyana ane zvinodikanwa zvepamusoro uye zvepamusoro zvekunonoka kwemoto wezvigadzirwa zvefuro, kunyanya ndege, mota, mota dzinomhanya kwazvo, uye masofa emumba, nezvimwe. Nontoxic.
Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu ari pamusoro apa, munyori nevamwe vaanoshanda navo vakagadzira giredhi rinodzoreredza moto (oxygen index 28 ~ 30%), ine hutsi hwehutsi hushoma kwazvo (ukoshi hwepasi rose ndeye 74, uye chigadzirwa ichi chinenge makumi mashanu chete), uye furo rebound rinoramba risina kuchinja.Inogadzira chiutsi chichena.
Muenzaniso formula: YB-3081 flame retardant polyether 50 pbw High basa polyether (OH34) 50 pbw Silicone surfactant B 8681 0.8 ~ 1.0 pbw Mvura 2.4 ~ 2.6 pbw DEOA 1.5~3 pbw Catalyst 1. ~ 1.5 isoso 1
Zvimiro zvemuviri: Foam density, kg/m3 ≥50 Simba rekumanikidza, kPa 5.5 Tensile simba, kPa 124 Rebound rate, % ≥60 Compression deformation, 75% ≤8 Oxygen index, OI% ≥ 28 Smoke density ≤50
9. Mvura ndiyo inopupuma furo, zvese zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari kuzvidzora ganda
HCFC-141b foaming agent yakarambidzwa zvachose munyika dzekunze.CP foaming agent inobvira.HFC-245fa neHFC-365mfc inobudisa furo inodhura uye haigamuchirwi.Leather furo.Kare, vashandi vePU kumba nekune dzimwe nyika vaingotarisa kugadziridzwa kwepolyether uye isocyanate, saka iyo yekumusoro yefuro yakanga isina kujeka uye density yaive yakakwirira.
Seti yemafomula ikozvino inokurudzirwa, ayo anoratidzwa ne:
l Iyo yakakosha polyether polyol inoramba isina kuchinjika, uye yakajairwa Mn5000 kana 6000 inoshandiswa.·
l Iyo isocyanate inoramba isina kuchinjika, C-MDI, PAPI kana yakagadziridzwa MDI inogona kushandiswa.
l Shandisa yakakosha yekuwedzera SH-140 kugadzirisa dambudziko.·
Basic formula:
l High basa polyether triol Mn5000 65pbw
l SH-140* 35pbw
l Chain extender: 1,4-butanediol 5pbw
l Muchinjikwa wekubatanidza: glycerol 1.7pbw
l Mumiriri wekuvhura: K-6530 0.2 ~ 0.5pbw
l Catalyst A-2 1.2 ~ 1.3pbw
l Ruvara namatidza chiyero chakakodzera l Mvura 0.5pbw
l MR-200 45pbw
Cherechedza: *SH-140 ndicho chigadzirwa chedu
Zvimiro zvemuviri: iyo yakazara density yefuro i340 ~ 350kg/m3.
Zvigadzirwa: nzvimbo yakatsetseka, ganda rakajeka, kuderera kwepasi.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-12-2022